Cardinal Nesting, Breeding, and Eggs: Everything You Need to Know

Birds are among nature's most elegant creatures, and those with orange chests are particularly striking. Their plumage makes them easy to spot and serves various ecological and behavioral purposes. Let's explore some of these beautiful birds, where they live, and what makes them unique.

American robins are not just a visible pleasure; they are also imbued with spiritual meaning. These birds are frequently associated with transformation, hope, and renewal, reflecting the cycles of existence. 

In the vibrant world of birds, where iridescent hummingbirds and tropical parrots often steal the spotlight, black and white birds possess a timeless, graphic elegance. Their high-contrast plumage stands out in any habitat and has evolved independently across many families. These bold patterns serve purposes like camouflage, countershading in water, social signaling, and attracting mates. Below, we have organized 20 of the most fascinating black and white birds by size, so you can quickly find the species that matches what you spotted. Whether it was a small visitor at your feeder or a large bird soaring along the coast. QUICK ANSWER What are black and white birds? Black and white birds are found on every continent and in nearly every habitat—from backyard feeders to remote ocean cliffs. Their striking plumage combines beauty with function, making them favorites among birdwatchers worldwide. Small Black and White Birds These species are under 12 inches and commonly found in backyards, forests, and open fields across North America. Downy Woodpecker The Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) is the smallest woodpecker in North America and one of the most frequent backyard visitors. Its classic black-and-white checkered back and bright white belly make it easy to spot at suet feeders from Alaska to Florida. Males add a small red patch on the back of the head. Size 5.5–6.7 in (14–17 cm) Wingspan 10–12 in (25–30 cm) Plumage Black-and-white checkered wings, white belly, short bill Habitat Woodlands, orchards, suburban feeders Range Widespread across North America Diet Insects in bark, berries, seeds, suet feeders Lifespan 2–4 years (up to 10 in wild) Despite being North America's smallest woodpecker, its drumming carries surprisingly far through woodland — a useful way to locate one before you see it. Black-and-White Warbler A striped acrobat of eastern forests, the Black-and-White Warbler (Mniotilta varia) behaves more like a nuthatch than a typical warbler — creeping headfirst down tree trunks and probing bark for hidden insects. Its bold zebra-stripe pattern serves as expert camouflage against tree bark. Size 4.7–5.1 in (12–13 cm) Wingspan 7.5–8.7 in (19–22 cm) Plumage Crisp black-and-white streaks top to bottom; thin decurved bill Habitat Deciduous and mixed forests Range Breeds across North America; winters in Central America & Caribbean Diet Insects and spiders gleaned from bark Lifespan 2–4 years It is one of the earliest warblers to arrive in spring — often seen in late March — because its bark-creeping lifestyle lets it forage before leaves have opened. Loggerhead Shrike The Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) looks like a songbird but hunts like a raptor. Its pearl-gray back, crisp white underparts, black wings, and distinctive black bandit mask make it unmistakable in open fields. Nicknamed the "butcherbird," it impales prey on thorns or barbed wire for later. Size 8.5–10 in (22–26 cm) Wingspan 12–13 in (30–34 cm) Plumage Gray back, white underparts, black wings with white patch, black mask Habitat Open fields, savannas, scrublands Range Southern Canada through the United States into Mexico Diet Insects, small birds, rodents — stored on thorns Lifespan 5–7 years A declining species in North America, the Loggerhead Shrike benefits from open grassland conservation, which is another reason protecting natural habitats matters. Killdeer The Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) is a plover instantly recognized by two bold black breast bands crossing its white chest. Common across lawns, parking lots, and gravel fields, it is famous for its Oscar-worthy broken-wing display — dragging one wing along the ground to lure predators away from its nest. Size 8.5–11 in (22–28 cm) Wingspan 18–22 in (46–55 cm) Plumage Brown back, white belly, double black breast bands; orange rump in flight Habitat Open fields, shorelines, gravel areas, lawns Range Widespread across North and Central America Diet Insects, worms, small invertebrates Lifespan 5–10 years Killdeer nest directly on bare gravel. Their eggs are so well camouflaged that they are often accidentally crushed by humans walking nearby. Zebra Finch Australia's best-known finch, the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata), is a small, sociable bird with busy black-and-white barring. Males wear a distinctive chestnut cheek patch and fine "zebra" stripes across the throat, while females are more plainly marked. Widely kept as pets, they are also a popular backyard species in their native range. Size 4–4.7 in (10–12 cm) Wingspan 6–8 in (15–20 cm) Plumage Gray body, white belly, black-and-white striped tail, orange beak; males have red cheek patches Habitat Grasslands, open woodlands, urban gardens Range Native to Australia; introduced populations in parts of Indonesia Diet Seeds, grains, small insects Lifespan 5–9 years Zebra Finches are one of the most studied birds in the world. Scientists use their song-learning behavior as a model for understanding how humans Medium Black and White Birds Eurasian Magpie The Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica) is one of the most recognizable corvids in the world. At a distance its plumage looks simply black and white, but up close the wings shimmer with iridescent blue-green. Supremely intelligent, magpies have passed the mirror self-recognition test — a rare cognitive feat outside of primates. Size 17–18 in (44–46 cm); nearly half is tail Wingspan 20–24 in (52–62 cm) Plumage Black head/back/tail with iridescent blue-green sheen; white belly and shoulder patches Habitat Open countryside, farmlands, parks, gardens Range Europe, Asia, northwest Africa Diet Omnivorous — insects, small animals, seeds, fruits, carrion Lifespan 3–5 years (sometimes longer) Magpies have appeared in folklore for centuries, from signaling luck in British tradition to representing wisdom in Chinese culture, owing to their bold intelligence. White Wagtail A slender, perpetually energetic bird, the White Wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a familiar sight across Europe and Asia, and a rare but exciting find along Alaskan coastlines for North American birders. Its grey back, white face, and black cap and bib are matched only by its constant tail-pumping walk. Size 6–7.5 in (16–19 cm) Wingspan 10–12 in (25–30 cm) Plumage Grey back, white face, black cap and bib; very long tail Habitat Open fields, riverbanks, roadsides, urban areas Range Europe, Asia, North Africa; rare visitor to western Alaska Diet Insects and small invertebrates caught on the ground Lifespan 3–5 years The White Wagtail's constant tail-wagging is thought to help flush insects from cover — a built-in foraging tool. Pied Crow The Pied Crow (Corvus albus) is sub-Saharan Africa's most widespread crow — adaptable, opportunistic, and immediately recognizable by its broad white breast and neck band on an otherwise glossy black body. Like all corvids, it is a problem-solver and thrives equally in open savanna and city centers. Size 18–20 in (46–50 cm) Wingspan 33–39 in (85–100 cm) Plumage Glossy black with striking white chest and neck band Habitat Open savannas, farmlands, urban areas Range Widely across sub-Saharan Africa Diet Omnivorous — insects, small animals, fruits, scraps Lifespan 15–20 years Pied Crows have been documented using tools in captivity and can mimic sounds, including fragments of human speech. Common Loon The haunting wail of the Common Loon (Gavia immer) is the defining sound of northern wilderness lakes. In summer breeding plumage, loons are breathtaking — a checkered black-and-white back, jet-black head with iridescent sheen, bold white collar, and striking red eyes. They spend winters along both US coastlines. Size 26–36 in (66–91 cm) Wingspan 50–58 in (127–147 cm) Plumage Checkered black-and-white back; black head; white collar; red eyes Habitat Freshwater lakes in summer; coastal waters in winter Range Canada and northern United States; winters along US coastlines Diet Fish and aquatic invertebrates caught by diving Lifespan 10–20 years Loons are built for diving, not walking. Their legs are positioned so far back on their bodies that they can barely stand on land. Pied Avocet One of the most elegant waders in the world, the Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) is pure white with bold black markings on its wings and back. Its most striking feature is a long, slender bill that curves distinctly upward — swept side-to-side through shallow water to catch invertebrates in a graceful feeding dance. Size 16–18 in (40–45 cm) Wingspan 31–35 in (80–90 cm) Plumage White with bold black wing and back markings; bluish-grey legs Habitat Shallow wetlands, salt pans, coastal lagoons Range Western Europe, Central Asia, parts of Africa Diet Insects, crustaceans, small aquatic animals Lifespan 10–12 years The Pied Avocet is the emblem of the RSPB, the UK's premier wildlife conservation charity, and has become a symbol of successful wetland conservation. Large Black and White Birds These birds exceed 22 inches and make a bold impression, whether in suburban Australia or along North American coastlines. Australian Magpie The Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is unrelated to the Eurasian Magpie despite the shared name. Stockier and more powerful, it is one of Australia's finest songbirds — capable of rich, complex caroling that echoes through suburban gardens each morning. Its bold black-and-white plumage varies slightly by subspecies. Size 14.5–17 in (37–43 cm) Wingspan 25–33 in (65–85 cm) Plumage Bold black-and-white; glossy finish; long legs, strong bill Habitat Grasslands, open woodlands, suburban areas Range Widespread across Australia and southern New Guinea Diet Insects, small reptiles, seeds, carrion Lifespan Often 25+ years Australian Magpies aggressively defend nesting territories in spring. They swooping on cyclists and pedestrians in a behavior Australians call "magpie season." Razorbill A powerful seabird of the North Atlantic, the Razorbill (Alca torda) wears a jet-black back and head contrasted sharply against crisp white underparts. Its thick, blunt bill crossed by a white line gives the species its name. Like penguins, Razorbills use their wings to "fly" underwater when pursuing fish. Size 15–17 in (38–43 cm) Wingspan 25–27 in (63–69 cm) Plumage Black upperparts, white underparts, thick black bill with white line Habitat Coastal cliffs and islands during breeding; open ocean in winter Range North Atlantic — eastern Canada to northern Europe Diet Small fish (sand eels, sprats) caught by diving Lifespan Up to 25 years Razorbills form long-term pair bonds and return to the same cliff ledge year after year — some pairs staying together for a decade or more. Black Skimmer The Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) is unlike any other bird in North America. It flies low over calm water with its elongated lower mandible slicing the surface, snapping its bill shut the instant it contacts a fish. Black above and white below, it is a common sight along Atlantic and Gulf Coast beaches. Size 16–18 in (40–45 cm) Wingspan 43–47 in (110–120 cm) Plumage Black upperparts, white underparts; unique bill with longer lower mandible Habitat Sandy beaches, coastal lagoons, calm bays Range Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America; Central and South America Diet Small fish and crustaceans skimmed from water surface Lifespan 10–15 years The Black Skimmer is one of the only birds with vertical pupils. The adaptation is believed to help manage glare from the water's surface. Oystercatcher Hard to miss on any shore, the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) has a jet-black head and brown back set against a white belly, and is crowned by a striking long, bright orange-red bill. Its calls, loud, piping, and insistent, carry far across beaches and mudflats. The Eurasian Oystercatcher, more fully black-and-white, is its European counterpart. Size 16–18 in (40–45 cm) Wingspan 31–34 in (80–86 cm) Plumage Black head, brown back, white belly; long orange-red bill; pink legs Habitat Coastal beaches, mudflats, estuaries Range Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America; Europe (Eurasian species) Diet Shellfish, mollusks, marine invertebrates Lifespan 10–15 years Oystercatchers use two techniques to open shellfish: hammering to break the shell or sliding their bill in to sever the adductor muscle. Different individuals prefer different methods. Pied Kingfisher The Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) is the world's largest kingfisher that habitually hovers — a striking sight as it holds position above the water on rapidly beating wings before plunge-diving for fish. Its bold black-and-white plumage sets it apart from the jewel-colored kingfishers most people picture. Size 10–12 in (25–30 cm) Wingspan 16–18 in (40–45 cm) Plumage Black-and-white with distinctive crest; males have double breast band, females a single band Habitat Freshwater lakes, rivers, estuaries Range Sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia Diet Fish, caught by hovering then diving Lifespan 6–10 years Pied Kingfishers can hover for up to 20 seconds before diving. They burning significantly more energy than perch-hunting kingfishers, but gaining access to fish in open water. Seabirds and Waterbirds Ocean and wetland specialists whose black-and-white plumage has evolved specifically for life on and in the water. African Penguin The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus), also known as the Jackass Penguin for its donkey-like bray, is the only penguin species found in Africa. Its black back and white front provide classic countershading — making it hard for predators to spot from both above and below in the water. Size 24–28 in (60–70 cm) tall Flipper Length ~20–24 in (50–60 cm); adapted for swimming Plumage Black back, white belly, black chest band, pink patches above eyes Habitat Coastal islands and rocky shores of southern Africa Range Coasts of South Africa and Namibia Diet Fish (sardines, anchovies) and squid Lifespan 10–15 years wild; longer in captivity African Penguins are an endangered species. Their population has declined by over 70% in the last 30 years due to overfishing and oil spills. Hawaiian Goose (Nēnē) Hawaii's state bird, the Nene (Branta sandvicensis), is one of the world's rarest geese — and one of conservation's greatest success stories, recovered from fewer than 30 individuals in the 1950s. It has a black face, cap, and hind neck, soft buff cheeks, and a body barred with grey, black, and white. Its feet are partially webbed, an adaptation for walking on volcanic lava fields. Size 16–18 in (41–45 cm) Wingspan 35–44 in (90–112 cm) Plumage Gray-brown body, black head and face, white facial markings Habitat Volcanic slopes, grasslands, coastal areas of Hawaii Range Endemic to Hawaii Diet Grasses, berries, seeds Lifespan 10–20 years The Nene is descended from Canada Geese that colonized Hawaii over 500,000 years ago. They gradually losing much of their webbing as they adapted to life on land rather than water. Great Frigatebird A master of oceanic soaring, the male Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) is almost entirely black with an iridescent green sheen. During breeding season, he inflates a spectacular scarlet throat pouch like a balloon to attract females. Females are black above but have a distinctive white breast and throat. Size 35–45 in (89–114 cm) Wingspan 81–91 in (205–230 cm) — one of the largest wingspans of any bird Plumage Males: all-black with green sheen, red throat pouch when displaying; Females: black above, white below Habitat Tropical oceans, islands, coastal areas Range Pacific and Indian Oceans Diet Fish snatched from surface; also steals from other seabirds Lifespan 15–20 years Frigatebirds can stay airborne for up to two months without landing, sleeping in short bursts of a few seconds while gliding on thermals. Hammerkop One of Africa's most distinctive wading birds, the Hammerkop (Scopus umbretta) takes its name from its unique hammer-shaped head — a backward-pointing crest that aligns with its bill to create the silhouette. While primarily brown, close inspection reveals subtly barred black-and-white patterning on the tail and back in certain light. Size 20–22 in (50–56 cm) Wingspan 37–41 in (95–105 cm) Plumage Rich brown overall with subtle barring; unique hammer-shaped head Habitat Wetlands, rivers, lakes across sub-Saharan Africa Range Africa, Madagascar, parts of Arabia Diet Fish, amphibians, insects Lifespan 10–15 years The Hammerkop builds the largest enclosed nest of any bird. It's a dome of sticks up to 5 feet across that can weigh over 100 pounds, strong enough to support a person standing on top. Pied Butcherbird Australia's Pied Butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) is celebrated for producing some of the most complex and beautiful birdsong on the continent — rich, flute-like phrases often heard at dawn and dusk. Its solid black head, white collar, and crisp black-and-white wings make it visually striking as well. Like its shrike relatives, it stores prey by impaling it on thorns. Size 13–15 in (33–38 cm) Wingspan 22–25 in (56–63 cm) Plumage Black head and back, white collar and underparts, sharp hooked bill Habitat Woodlands, open forests, farmlands in Australia Range Eastern and northern Australia Diet Insects, small vertebrates, eggs and nestlings Lifespan 12–15 years Pied Butcherbirds are among the few birds that duet, pairs and family groups perform synchronized songs that can last several minutes. Spot Black and White Birds in Your Backyard The Birdfy Feeder's AI camera identifies visiting birds, including Downy Woodpeckers and other black-and-white species, and sends real-time photo alerts to your phone. Recognized by over 600,000 bird lovers worldwide, it identifies 6,000+ species automatically. Birdfy Feeder 1 Experience crystal-clear 2K resolution. Every detail brought right before your eyes. Buy Now Why Are So Many Birds Black and White? The prevalence of black-and-white coloration across such different bird families is a masterclass in convergent evolution. For penguins and auks like the Razorbill, it is countershading — dark on top to blend with deep water, pale below to disappear against bright sky. For the Black-and-White Warbler, it is cryptic camouflage against tree bark. For corvids like the magpies, the bold pattern plays a role in social recognition and mate assessment. Whatever the function, this monochromatic scheme cuts a sharp figure against any background. Ensure these birds are not only survivors, but some of the most visually memorable creatures in the natural world. FAQs about Black and White Birds What is the most common black and white bird in North America? The Downy Woodpecker is the most widespread small black and white bird in North America, found from Alaska to Florida at feeders and woodland edges year-round. What small black and white bird is common in backyards? The Downy Woodpecker is the most frequent small black and white backyard visitor across most of North America. It readily comes to suet feeders and clings to tree trunks and branches. What large black and white bird has a long beak? The American Oystercatcher stands out for its large size, black-and-white plumage, and long, vivid orange-red bill. The Black Skimmer is another large coastal bird with distinctive black-and-white coloring and an unusual bill where the lower mandible is longer than the upper. What black and white bird hovers over water? The Pied Kingfisher is famous for its helicopter-like hovering above rivers and lakes before plunging-diving for fish. It is found across Africa and southern Asia. What is the black and white bird with an orange beak? That is most likely an Oystercatcher. The American Oystercatcher has a black head, brown back, white belly, and a long, vivid orange-red bill used to pry open shellfish. Conclusion Whether you are looking to identify a small bird at your backyard feeder or preparing for a coastal birdwatching trip, this guide covers the spectrum from the tiny Zebra Finch to the magnificent Great Frigatebird. And if you want to make identification easier from your own garden, a smart bird feeder camera like the Birdfy Feeder gives you an AI-powered front seat to the show. Limited-Time Offer 15% OFF Storewide Exclusives Blog15 Enter the code at checkout to enjoy the discount. ✨ Explore Birdfy Feeder with Blog Discount